This book examines the emergence and functioning of interest groups in post-communist society, an issue central to democratic transformation. Although the focus is on eastern Germany, comparisons are made throughout with the other countries of eastern and central Europe. Analysis of a number of interest groups, notably trade unions, business groups and professional associations, is set against the background of pluralist political theory. Stephen Padgett argues that the pattern of collective action in post-communist society falls short of the pluralist ideal, and examines the implications for both East and West.